Method of making valves.



R. LJELLERY. METHOD MAKING VALVES. APPLICATION FILED PER. 10. 1914.

Patented Dec. 22, 1914.

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' ZWM citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of method of making valves and moreparticw'tion are subjected to very intense heat often;

UNrrnp STATES PATENT oninon.

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To all whom it may concern v Be it known that 1, ROBERT L. ELiQERi a uiarly to valves of the type known as puppet valves and employed in internal combustion K engines.- "Valves when \usedin this connecreaching .a'temperature of 1200 and at 'of. ordinary tool. steel, castiron or the like,

' result that they fail to properly the metal becomes softened to such an extent that smallparticles of grit or metal, WlllCll: happen tolodg'e between the face "of said seat, cause said valve to be- "valve and its I and twisted or pitted with the come warped port of the engine and thus reduce the efficiency thereof.

A remedy has been found to exist in tungsten steel known as high speed steel. As this metal requires a temperature ,of2800" F. or thereabout to properly harden the same and "as it is seldom that the temperature of the in: ternal combustion engine reaches a ,te'mpera me beyondlQ-OO F. it will be seen that little danger from, overheating will 'result It is also vfell known to those fam'iliarwith tungsten steel that even though this metal 1 isheated toa bright reditretains its ha dmess, consequently itawill not warp nor be- ".eome, pitted when small particlesbecome dodged-between the face thereof and the 40 valve" seat. But while tungsten steel has been found to embrace the qualities required in valves of the nature set forth, no method For example,

has heretofore been devised whereby it may be put'into'practicaLuse, although man v attempts;have' been'inade in this dlrection.

been made entirely. pf tungsten steel and in one piece and so far as the head of the valve is concerned the resulthas been successful, overlooking the fact that a valve made from onepieceof tungsterr steel is'far more expensive, than the ordinary type of valve and by reason-of thisfact seldom arsed. The principal 'objection'to this formof valve however is due to', the action'of the steel when heated In the ordinary materials eni- Specijfication of such a temperature with valvesconstructed;

close the valves and their stems have Iiet'ter Patn v Patented Dec. 22,1914.

. Application filed February 10, 1914; Serial No;; 81 '7,947.

ployed in the construction of valves and valve-casings, the expansion and contractlon, due to thechange in temperature, are,

substantially equal, but in tungsten steel tlns is not the rule, the expansion always being greater than the contraction, consequently where a bearing is made of the ordinary material such as cast-ironand the valve stem, of tungsten steel, the two metals may expand substantially the same amount, but the bearing will invariably contract more than the tungsten steel stern thereby binding said stem and preventing it frbm working freely and as this happens over and over again, in the operation ofan internal combustion engine, it will be readily seen that great inconvenience Will be caused.

thereby. 'Other attempts have been made to secure the stems and heads of difierent materials together by riveting or the like, but such methods have invariably proved defective' as they soon work loose. Attempts have also been made to weld tungsten steel heads y to carbon steel stems, but all attempts along for the evils above enumerated this line have'failed owing tolthe inability to retain sufficient heat at the surfaces of the valve which are being welded, to successfully soften and melt the materials, and fur- The object of the present invention is to provide a method by which tungsten steel heads may be welded to carbon steel shanks in such a manner that the difliculties hereinbefore mentioned will be overcome.

The invention 'principally consists in forming the head of tungsten'steel and hardening the same and in forming the stem of'carbon steel and inserting said stem in said head after said head has been hardened,

then applying an electric .current to said stem and head to melt thepontacting surfaces thereof andsimultaneously' applying pressure to said members vto force the same 5 together.

The invention" furtheLconsists in thevarious steps and operationsset forth in the following specification and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view, partly in section, of a device adapted to perform the several operations necessary to assemble the parts of the valve. Fig. 2 is a section taken on Fig. 4 is a de valve.

vation of a completed valve. tail section of the head of'a fore said parts have been asse bledl Like numerals refer to like out the several Views of the rawin-gs.

In the drawings, 8 is the head of a Valve formed of tungsten steel and preferably embodying in its construction a hole 9 which axially therethrough' preferably extends H from the upper side 10 to the lower side thereof and an annular recess 12 formed 1n the under side 11 surrounding the hole 9 and.

at a distance therefrom and substantially concentric with the aXis of said head. The

upper side 10 of. said head is countersunk,

The stem 14 of the valve is constructed of carbon steel and preferably embodies in its construction a reduced end portion 15, which is adapted to fit the hole 9 in' said valve head. A shoulder 16 is also provided adjacent the baseof said end portion and surrounding said stem, said shoulder being preferably formed substantially equal in diameter to the inside diameter of the annular recess 12 formed in said head. The stem 14 also embodies'in its construction a flange 17 likewise surrounding said stem and at the base of the shoulder 16, said flange being substantially larger in diameter than the outside diameter of the annular recess 12.

The head 8 and ,the stem 14 are constructed or formed, as hereinbefore stated, the

head of tungsten steel and the stem of carbon steel after which said head is hardenedat 2300 F. or thereabout. After these steps .in the operation have been completed, the

a suitable holder V-shaped copper jaws l9 head 8 is clamped within 18 preferably by fastened together by screws 20, while the stem 14- is inserted in a holder 21, which is clamped to said stem preferably between V-shaped copper jaws 22 by means of screws One of the sets of jaws, preferably 22, is mounted upon a slide 24 which in turn is adapted to be reciprocated in guides 25 formed in a frame 5260f the machine, by any suitable means, which for convenience consists of a lever 27 pivoted to said frame 26 and connected by a link 28 to said slide 24. A handle 29 is provided whereby-said lever 27 may be rocked upon its pivot and the slide 21 reciprocated along said guides.

The median axial line of the holder 18 is preferably concentric with the axis of the valve 8 and also alines with the median axial line of the holder 21, said latter median axial line being coincident with themedian axial line of the stem 14, consequently as the jaws 22, which contain the stem ll, are reciprocated toward the jaws 19 containing the head 8, the reduced end portion 15 of said stem will enter the hole 9 in said head.

Fig. 5: is a detail View of the stem of the valve bearts through I the other.

minals for an electric circuit 30 which includes a switch 31. After the head 8 and stem 14: have been formed, as hereinbefore stated, and inserted. in their respective holders, the switch 13 is closed and the lever 27 operated by the handle 29 to reciprocate the aws 22 whereupon the reduced end portion 15 of the stem 14 will be forced into the hole 9 and as soon as said .stem and said head contact one with the other the closing of said. circuit 30 will be completed as the electric current will As a result of this the extremity \of the reduced portion 15 will cd by said current and softened or melted and as it comes in contact with the Wall 32 of the holder 18 the pressure said end and causes the same to occiipy the countersunk portion 13 of said head,

A continued movement of the stem in the direction of the head causes the .shoulder 16 to engage the under side 11 of said head be tween the hole 9 and the recess 12 and immediately upon such an engagement the con: tacting portions thereof will be melted by saidelectric current to such an extentthat the continued pressure or movement of said stem toward said head will cause the material of said shoulder and the adjacent portion of said headto spread out and occupy the annular recess 12 Or at least the greater portion thereof. The pressure upon the stem is continued until the face 83 of the flange 17 contacts with the under side 11 of said valve after which the current is shut 0E and the pressure relieved.

The difficulty in welding carbon steel' stems to tungsten steel heads-has been due to the fact that it has been impossible to maintain the parts to be welded at a suilicient temperature to melt the metal comprising the contacting portions thereof, but by forming in the head a recess 12 the heat applied to-the head by the electric current will not be permitted to spread over such a large area but will be confined substantially inside of the recess 12 and will be the surface between the hole 9 and said recess and likewise at the end of the shouldered portion 16 of said valve which contacts with the portion of the head referred to, thus the portions referred to will alone be melted and fused, the flange 17 being provided to cover up any recess which may remain in said head after the metal constituting said shoulder and the adjacent portion of said head have been spread to fill or substantially fill said recess. Another cause for failure in constructing the valves of the material re ferred to, has been largely due to the .attempt to harden the tungsten head of the valve after the stem has been welded thereto pass from one member to be first eifect- I maintained at thereof spreads with the result that the carbon in the stem required in hardening said tungsten steel, which usually runs as high as 300 F. This difficulty has been entirelyeliminated by adopting applicants method, as hereinbe-.

fore stated, which includes the hardening of the head before the stem is inserted therein.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire by Letters Patent to secure is: i

1. The man described method of making a valve which consists in forming a head with av hole extending therethrough, and with a recess in the underside of said head surrounding said hole, then forming a stem with a reduced end portion adapted to fit said hole, and with a shoulder surrounding said stem at the base of-said end portion, and with a flange surrounding said stem at the base of said shoulder, then inserting said reduced portion in said hole, thenapplying an electric current to said head and said stem to melt the contacting portions thereof and simultaneously applying pressure to said stem to force said shoulder into said-recess, and said flange against the under side-of said head.

2-. The herein described method of making a. puppet ralvewhich consists in forming a. head of tungsten steel with a hole extending therethrough, and with a recess in the under side of said head surrounding said hole, then forming a stem of carbon steel with a reduced end portion adapted to lit said hole, and with a shoulder surrounding said stem at the base of said reduced portion, and with a flange surrounding said stem at the base of said shoulder, then inserting said reduced portion in said hole, then applying an electric current to said head and said stem to melt the contacting'portions thereof and simultaneously applying pressure to said stem to force said shoulder into said recess and said flange against theundefsideof said head.

The herein described method of making a valre which consists in forming a head with a hole extending therethrough, and with an annular recess in the under side of said head surroundin said hole, then forming a stem with a reduced end portion adapted to fit the hole in said head, and with a shoulder surrounding said stein adjacent the base of said reduced end portion, then inserting said reduced end portion in the hole in said head,

then applying an electric current to said stem and said head to melt the contacting portions of said head and stem and simultaneously applying pressure to said stem to force said shouldered portion and the adjacent portion of said head into said annular recess.

4:. The herein described method of making a valve which consists in forming a head with a hole extending therethrough, and with an annular recess in the under side of said head surrounding said hole at a disstem at the base of said. shoulder, then in- 5' serting said reduced end portion in the hole in said head, then applying an electric current to said stem and said head to melt the contacting surfaces of said head and stem and simultaneously forcingsaid stem into said head, whereby the melted portions of said shoulder and the adjacent melted por-' tion of said head will be united and forced into said annular recess, and the flange on said stem will be forced against the under side of said head.

The herein described method of making a puppet valve whichconsists in forming a head with a hole extending therethrough, and with an annular recess in the under side of said .head surrounding said hole and at a distance therefrom, then form-.

ing a stem with a reduced end portion and with a shoulder surrounding said stem at the base of said end portion substantially equal in diameter to the inside diameter of said recess, and with an annular flange are ranged in close proximity to said shoulder,

said flange bein substantially larger in diameter than the outside diameter of said re cess, then inserting said reduced end portion inthe hole in said head, then applying an electric current to said stem and said head to melt the contacting portions thereof, then applying pressure to said stem to unite said contacting surfaces and to force the melted portions of said shoulderand the adjacent portions of said head into said recess, and said flange against the under side of said head. l

6. The herein described method of making a valve which consists in forming a head with a hole extending therethrough, and with a countersunk portion in the upper side of said head surrounding said hole,

' and with an annular recess in the under side of said head surrounding saidhole and at a distance therefrom, then forming a stem with an end adapted to flt the hole in said head, with a shoulder on said stem at the base of said end, and with a flange on said stern adjacent said shoulder, then inserting said stem in said hole, then-applying an electric current to .saidstem to melt the end thereof and said shouldered portion and the portion of said head contacting with said shouldered portion, and simultaneously applyingpressure to said stem to force the melted portion of said stem into said countersunk portion of said head and the melted shouldered portion of said stem and the adjacent portion of said head into said recess, and to force said flange against the under side of said head.

.T. The herein described methodof making a valve whioh consists in forming a head of tungsten steel With an axial hole thereln, and with an. annularrecess 1n the under side of said head at a distance from said hole,

said stem into said'hea'd and the inelted portions of said shoulder together with the adjacent melted portions of said headinto said annular recess.

' In testimony. whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of-two subscribing Witnesses.

ROBERT L. ELLERY.

W'itnesses V F. K.'DENNY,

CHARLES. HARTMANN. 

